Рискови и протективни личностни диспозиции за саморегулация на оздравителния процес при сърдечносъдови заболявания

Abstract

This investigation presents the results from the empirical study of the effects of risk and protective factors in the self-regulation of the rehabilitatory process in cardio-vascular diseases. The empirical study has a longitudinal design and has been conducted in the UMPHAT St. Ekaterina, Sofia in two phases – preoperative phase (Study 1) and postoperative phase (Study 2 – retesting). In theoretical terms, the following is presented: 1. the transition from the traditional uni-dimensional to the necessary multidimensional explanatory models for predicting the cardiovascular pathogenesis; 2. the development of the Self-regulation model of Leventhal for illness representations (SRM Leventhal, 1970; Leventhal, Meyer & Nerenz, 1980; Leventhal et al., 1984; Cameron & Leventhal, 2003) to its contemporary enriched variations in the The strength model of self-regulation (Schwarzer, 2008; Hagger, 2009; Sniehotta, 2009) and in the Temporal Self-Regulation Model (Temporal Self-Regulation Theory) (Cameron, 2010; Hall et al. 2010; Salis, 2010). The Type D Personality or the dispositional fixative of the ‘D-istressed’ personality is presented based on the stable positioning of the Negative affectivity and the Social inhibition (Denollet, 1998a, 2000, 2005; Denollet & Van Heck, 2001; Pedersen & Denollet, 2003). The empirical study that has been conducted proves our leading investigative hypothesis: patients, in whom high levels of the studied risk factors were registered – Cardiac depression, Clinical anxiety, Negative affectivity and Social inhibition of the Type D Personality – demonstrate, respectively, lower levels of adaptation in handling heart diseases and adaptation to the necessary interventions. For the purposes of the study, a primary adaptation of the specialized for the cardio-vascular diseases psychological questionnaires and scales was conducted – Type D personality – Scale 14 (DS 14, 2004) of Denollet et al., Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS, 1993) of Hare et al. and Short Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) of Broadbent et al., 2006.